A Survey on Techniques for Enhancing Transparency and Trustworthy Data Flows in IoT Systems

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has created a highly connected environment involving people, data, and processes. IoT plays a vital role in domains such as smart homes, healthcare, transportation, and smart cities by enabling automation and efficiency. However, this increased integration also introduces significant security risks, making it essential to address vulnerabilities that may affect social, economic, and environmental systems. Managing data in large-scale IoT systems is increasingly complex due to distributed resources and massive data volumes. Ensuring transparency in data is critical to prevent fake or manipulated information. Transparency allows stakeholders to verify data origin, modifications, and access history, thereby establishing trust in IoT-enabled infrastructures.