Wireless Sensor Network- A Survey: Design Challenges, Security issues, Application and its Routing Protocols

WSN-Wireless Sensor Network in a wireless network in which more than thousands of nodes (motes) were deployed to monitor the environmental conditions which is difficult for the humans to do. Each and all nodes in the network establish communication with each other to exchange information among them. The primary purpose of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to engage in monitoring activities. Two distinct forms of communication exist among the nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), namely Single hop communication the nodes communicate with each other directly, multi hop communication here it communicates with many nodes. In this article we will come to know about the challenges we face while designing the WSN, along with security issues, applications of WSN and its routing protocol. Keywords: Cluster head, Architecture, Sensor nodes, Sink, Base Station, Gateway